Most of China's offshore oil extraction equipment depends on imports

"Compared with the 90% localization rate of onshore oil extraction equipment, China currently lacks the leading offshore oil extraction equipment. Therefore, most of the offshore oil extraction equipment depends on imports." Zhang Weiping, deputy chief economist of China National Offshore Oil Corporation It was said at the 2006 China Petroleum and Petrochemical Equipment Industry Development Forum held on March 3.

The rapid development of land-based equipment

At this seminar, Zhang Weiping first affirmed the development of China's petroleum technology and equipment industry. According to him, in 2005, China's annual crude oil production reached 181 million tons and natural gas production reached 48.75 billion cubic meters, making it the world's fifth largest oil and gas producer. The crude oil processing capacity reached 328 million tons, ranking second in the world. The profits realized by the three major companies PetroChina, Sinopec and CNOOC accounted for 42% of the total profits of state-owned industrial enterprises nationwide. The reason why such huge achievements can be achieved is inseparable from the support of China's petroleum technology and equipment industry, especially in the more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China's petroleum technology and equipment industry has made great progress in the introduction, digestion, absorption, innovation and localization .

First of all, China's exploration technology has been further modernized. The geophysical acquisition and processing system realizes satellite positioning, digital processing, three-dimensional seismic and computer phase, which greatly improves the resolution of the formation and the accuracy of interpretation and judgment of oil and gas structures. In recent years, China has made a series of major oil and gas resource discoveries. The reserve replacement rate has reached 100%, and the annual recoverable reserves have reached more than 150 million tons. The natural gas storage-production ratio exceeds 60: 1.

Secondly, the development of oil and gas fields has reached the world advanced level. We can not only develop large oil and gas fields with simple monolithic structures, but also small, faulted, fractured, and compound hidden oil and gas fields. We can also develop heavy oil, heavy oil, asphaltene and other difficult oil fields and natural gas with high hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide content. field. Early water injection, polymer injection, early sand control, thermal recovery, re-injection, acidification, fracturing, viscosity reduction and other downhole operation technologies ensure high and stable production of oil and gas fields, so that the recovery rate of oil fields in China reaches 32%, and Daqing Oil Field has maintained stable production for more than 30 years More than 50 million tons per year has created a miracle of world oilfield development. China's crude oil output has broken the situation of hovering over 160 million tons per year for many years, and its annual production capacity has increased by 10-20 million tons.

Third, the rapid development of drilling and pipeline engineering technology. The rigs manufactured in China can drill ultra-deep wells, large horizontal displacement wells, directional wells, and cluster drilling, and have been exported in batches. The "excellent fast drilling" technology created by China's drilling team has entered the world's first class in terms of both quality and efficiency. China's pipeline engineering technology has developed by leaps and bounds, and it has completed such arduous projects as "West to East Gas Transmission", "Sichuan Gas Out of Sichuan", and "Sea Gas Landing".

Fourth, offshore oil development engineering technology is synchronized with the world. The Haishanghai gas field engineering facilities (including platforms, submarine pipelines, floating processing oil storage tanks, etc.) are all independently completed from design and manufacturing to offshore installation. Adopt "full sea", "half sea and half land", single-leg platform, multi-leg platform, unmanned operation platform, submarine base plate and underwater wellhead, early trial production system, single-point mooring and floating production system ( FPSO) and other models, and formed its own industrial characteristics. Offshore oil development has also driven the development of domestic related industries such as electromechanical, chemical, and shipbuilding.

Finally, domestic petroleum technology equipment has played an important role in promoting the international operation of China's oil companies. The three major companies are now involved in oil and gas exploration and development in more than 30 countries overseas. The output of overseas crude oil operations reached 40 million tons. It has formed four major regions including Northwest Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and Russia. Started to form a complete industrial chain from oil and gas exploration, engineering construction, pipeline, refining and chemical and terminal sales. Domestic petroleum technology equipment "goes out" with the operation team. These equipment have low cost, suitable technology, and easy operation. They can be manufactured locally, which opens up a vast space for domestic equipment to go international.

Zhang Weiping believes that after decades of development, China's oil and gas technology equipment has achieved glorious achievements. At present, there is no big gap between onshore oil equipment and foreign countries. Complete sets of drilling rigs, cementing and fracturing equipment, workover rigs, wellhead devices, etc. are close to foreign standards; pumping units, electric submersible pumps, oil drills, etc. are at the same level as foreign countries. However, compared with onshore equipment, the development of offshore oil and gas technology equipment still has a large gap due to its late start.